1. Terminals
A conductive component used to connect the positive and negative terminals of a battery in an external circuit.
2. Internal resistance
The internal resistance of a battery refers to the total resistance of the electrolyte, positive and negative electrode groups, separators, etc. in the battery, measured in milliohms (m Ω). The size of internal resistance is mainly influenced by factors such as the material, manufacturing process, and battery structure of the battery.
The internal resistance of the battery includes Ohmic resistance and Polarization resistance. Ohmic internal resistance is composed of electrode material, electrolyte, diaphragm resistance, and contact resistance of various parts. Polarization internal resistance includes resistance caused by electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization. The internal resistance of a battery is a very complex and important characteristic, which is influenced by factors such as materials and structure.
3. Open circuit voltage
Open circuit voltage refers to the terminal voltage of a battery under open circuit conditions, measured in volts.
4. nominal voltage
The nominal voltage refers to the approximate voltage value specified by the manufacturer to identify the battery.
5. Load voltage
The terminal voltage at which a battery is discharged after being connected to a load is called the load voltage.
6. Charging cut-off (termination) voltage
The maximum voltage that a battery is allowed to reach during normal charging.
7. Discharge cut-off (termination) voltage
The minimum voltage that a battery is allowed to reach during normal discharge.
8. Rated capacity
Rated capacity refers to the battery capacity value measured under specified conditions and indicated by the manufacturer. Capacity is an important indicator of battery electrical performance, which is determined by the active substance of the electrode. The rated capacity is usually expressed in A · h (ampere hour) or mA · h (milliampere hour) (1A · h=1000mA · h).
9. Available capacity
Usable capacity refers to the capacity value released from a fully charged battery under specified conditions. The available capacity of a battery mainly depends on the following factors: the quantity, quality, and utilization rate of active substances.
10. Rated energy
The energy released when a fully charged battery is discharged at a rate of 1 hour at room temperature and reaches the discharge termination voltage, expressed in Wh. Rated energy is an important indicator for measuring the power done by a power battery driving equipment, and the rated capacity of the battery cannot determine the amount of power done.
11. Discharge depth
Discharge depth is a parameter (DOD) that represents the discharge state of a battery, equal to the percentage of actual discharge capacity to available capacity, measured in%.
12. Overdischarge
Continue discharging when the battery cell or battery is completely discharged.
13. State of Charge
State of Charge (SOC), also known as remaining charge, represents the percentage of available capacity that can be released under specified discharge conditions in the current battery.
14. Energy density
Energy density, also known as specific energy, refers to the energy obtained from the unit mass or unit volume of a battery, i.e. weight specific energy or volume specific energy.
15. Power density
Power density, also known as specific power or mass specific power, is the output power obtained from the unit mass or unit volume of a battery, in units of W/kg or W/L. Specific power is an important indicator for evaluating whether a battery meets the acceleration and hill climbing capabilities of electric vehicles.